To make a sentence describing something with an adjective,
just take the adjective and add
[desu] for an affirmative (yes) statement. It's a little different
for a negative (no) statement, though. Most adjectives end with
[i]: To say the opposite of an adjective, you turn that into a
[ku] and add the negative [arimasen],
or
[arimasen deshita] to put the sentence into the past tense. Here
are some examples:
Affirmative
(yes): [it is] delicious.
Oishii desu.
Negative
(no): [it is] not delicious.
Oishiku arimasen.
Past affirmative:
[it was] fun.
Tanoshikatta desu.
Past negative:
[it was] not fun.
Tanoshiku arimasen deshita.
In Lesson 2 you learned how to use
[ka] at the end of a sentence to make the question form:
Is [this]
big?
Ookii desu ka?
Is [this]
not big?
Ookiku arimasen ka?
Was [this]
small?
Chiisakatta desu ka?
Was [this]
not small?
Chiisaku arimasen deshita ka?
Using
[totemo], "very"
Place the word
[totemo] in front of any adjective you want to emphasize:
Oishii desu.
[It's]
delicious.
Totemo oishii desu.
[It's]
very delicious.
[takai] and
[yasui]
[takai] can mean a number of things, including expensive, tall (as
in a person's height), and high (like a building or mountain).
[yasui], on the other hand, means only cheap--not short or low.
This and that
The words
[kono],
[sono],
[ano],
[dono] are used to say "this," "that," "that [over there]," and
"which" respectively. Be sure not to confuse them with
[kore],
[sore],
[are], and
[dore], which you learned in Lesson 6. These words don't refer directly
to things, but are used to indicate certain objects: "this apple,"
"that pencil," and so on.
Kore wa aisukurimu desu.
This is
ice cream.
Kono aisukurimu wa oishii desu.
This ice
cream is delicious.
[kore] is a noun, and can be used as the subject of a sentence;
but
[kono] has to be used with a noun following it. It's the same with
the other words in the series:
[desu] for an affirmative (yes) statement. It's a little different
for a negative (no) statement, though. Most adjectives end with
[i]: To say the opposite of an adjective, you turn that into a 
[ku] and add the negative 
[arimasen],
or 
[arimasen deshita] to put the sentence into the past tense. Here
are some examples:
[ka] at the end of a sentence to make the question form:
[totemo], "very"
[takai] and 
[yasui]
[kono], 
[sono], 
[ano], 
[dono] are used to say "this," "that," "that [over there]," and
"which" respectively. Be sure not to confuse them with 
[kore],
[sore], 
[are], and 
[dore], which you learned in Lesson 6. These words don't refer directly
to things, but are used to indicate certain objects: "this apple,"
"that pencil," and so on.
