STEMS
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Bud--A compressed, undeveloped shoot. Buds may be lateral or terminal. |
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Node--point on the stem where leaf or bud is borne. The space between two nodes is an internode. 
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Leaf scar--mark left on the stem where a leaf was attached 
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Bud scale scar--mark on the stem where a bud scale was attached. When the terminal bud sprouts and its scales fall off, growth rings are formed. The portion of a stem between two sets of growth rings indicates one season's growth. |
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Pith--the spongey tissue in the center of a stem or twig. Pith can be solid, chambered, or diaphragmmed. 
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Lenticel--a "breathing pore" in the skin or bark of a stem.  |